Regional Business Environment Depth Of Integration

6 Regional Business Environment Depth of Integration Economic integration. Economic theory shows free trade on a global basis as the first best outcome, in as much as it allows specialization and exchange to take place globally, thus leading to larger world output and welfare. More exactly, economic integration earnings by agreements to: †¢ eliminate tariffs and import quotas among members (FTAs and sectoral FTAs). †¢ establish common external tariffs and quotas (CUs). †¢ allow free movement of goods, services and workers (Common Market). †¢ harmonize competition, operational, fiscal, monetary and social policies (Economic Union). †¢ unify economic policies and establish supra-national institutions (Economic and Political Union) Thus three gradually higher levels of integration can be illustrious. The first level involves modest integration by means of an agreement to apply symmetric special treatment of imports and allocate supporting purposes and instruments to mutually operated institutions. Examples would be NAFTA’s assurance to remove tariffs among its members, its dispute settlement provisions, and the various working groups and agencies that serve to facilitate trade and investment among the three partners. In the case of a EU, the agreement would additionally include a common external tariff related to non-members, which, in turn, requires an understanding on how to allocate among the partners the tariffShow MoreRelatedA Roadmap For The Asean Economic Community ( Aec ) Based On The Eu Model1119 Words   |  5 Pagesand effective ways for AEC to reach its goals. The research has certain influence on interdisciplinary aspects which include economy, political, environment, and even cultural aspe ct. However, since the project mostly concentrate on regional integration, the main aspects that been covered are most likely international relation and international business. A good political cooperation can lead to a further successful economic cooperation as well as the other way around. In this project researcher useRead MoreA High Level Assessment Of The Global Economic Outlook1109 Words   |  5 PagesA high-level assessment of the Global Economic Outlook will be provided in this section along with a Regional and a Country-specific Outlook. This macroeconomic view of environmental conditions will serve as the foundational element and will set the guiding principles to conduct in-depth industry and company-wide analyses. Global Economic Outlook According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Challenge Initiative, there is a generalized slowdown in emerging market economies, a lowering of commodityRead MorePreferential Trade Agreements Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pagesform of economic integration in which countries agree to create a free trade area or some form of common market to facilitate trade. This agreement can be in different forms and depths, for instance there is Free Trade Area is a trading bloc that has no tariff, then Custom Union is where there is common level of trade barriers, in Economic unions such as European Union, the member countries have open national policies and a common currency (Euro). 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The AEC is scheduled to launch by the end of 2015 with the aim to establish ASEAN as a single market and production base i.e. eliminate intra-regional trade duties and restrictions and allow all goodsRead MoreLenovo1745 Words   |  7 PagesSUMMERY-----------------------------------------------------------3 BRIEF INTRODUCTION----------------------------------------3 FINDINGS-----------------------------------------------------------3 1.The macro-marketing environment---------------------------------3 2. The micro-marketing environment--------------------------------4 3. Lenovo s SWOT analysis----------------------------------------5 4. STP analysis-----------------------------------------------------5 CINCLUSIONS----Read MoreImplementation Of An Erp Implementation Plan1093 Words   |  5 Pagesincluded in the implementation process. 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Writing Skills And School Habits - 1378 Words

For me, writing has always been a challenge. I always felt like that I could not express myself with the words I had been taught or that somehow I had been left out on the instructions on how to properly write. It’s always frustrated me that writing has been a challenge, and that may be why I enjoy reading so much because other people seem to have a way with words that I don’t. I love reading other people’s words a lot more than my own so much so that I tried avoiding writing as much as possible. Of course, school involves a lot of writing so it was not like I could permanently avoid it as much as I wish I could. So when my teacher announced that our class would be writing plays individually and turning them in to a theatre company, I was not at all excited. I was more like terrified about someone reading some trashy play I wrote. This moment in my life, however, changed my writing skills and school habits quite unexpectedly. The experience of writing my own play and having it performed was significant to me because it taught me about procrastination, hard work, and originality. 5th grade was like any other school year except that there were a lot more expectations and responsibilities to go along with it than the previous years, and Mrs. Schillinger definitely expected a lot from us, at least what I thought was a lot. â€Å"Class, today, I would like to announce a new writing assignment!† she exclaimed with a shining smile that it blinded the first row of kids. MoansShow MoreRelatedGraduate Study Challenges and Strategies and Strategies for Personal Success1009 Words   |  5 Pagesovercome the challenges. Some authors referenced note ways to create habits for success to use them to help reach personal and professional goals. Milestones will be evaluated that will mark achievements in reaching personal and professional goals. 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From â€Å"to-be verbs† to sentenceRead MoreReflection Of Writing : My Writing Experience In The Homeroom871 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst writing experience outside the classroom. For it would teach me more than just putting words together to complete a sentence, but to incorporate the meaning. Entering my third y ear of elementary school I encountered the most humblest teacher named Ms. Cologne. She was the most good hearted, caring, humane person I met at a young age. She was black with dark straight hair and wore thick framed plastic glasses. Her classroom was bright, full of colors with the ABC’s in cursive writing aroundRead MoreLiterary Practices For The First Big Writing Assignment1156 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Practices For the first big writing assignment in English, we were asked to interview someone and talk about their literacies. My first thought was right along the lines of â€Å"what is the point of this†. 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Nature valuable resources Free Essays

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS AN EXPENSIVE DIVERSION FROM THE REAL TASK OF SECURING ENERGY SOURCES FOR THE COMING DECADES. DISCUSS. The technological promotion of the human existences enabled them to research and tackle nature ‘s valuable resources that finally led our civilisation far in front. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature valuable resources or any similar topic only for you Order Now Non renewable, particularly the dodo fuel velocity up the gait of development. But those resources, made in the geological timescale is about to be consumed within a century. Undoubtedly we need energy to force our life further and keep the gait of development ; this demand of energy compel us to happen out its options. The hunt of appropriate resources is traveling on, many people are recommending on behalf of renewable resources. Renewable energy such as solar, air current, hydro, moving ridge and bio fuel are seen as the alternate energy, nevertheless there are a scope of obstructions confronting the rapid development of these engineerings: they are seeking to set up themselves in an out-of-date institutional, market and industrial context. ( Elliot, D. , 2003 ) . Though these engineerings are recognised as options, none of them are free from restraints and inordinate publicity of these engineerings could impact the natural system. So it is indispensable to measure the benefits and menaces due to the application of these engineerings before their execution. The purpose of this essay is to happen out the causes behind the publicity of these energy beginnings, their restriction and impact on single footing to happen out why and how the recreation towards these energy beginnings can be expensive and to propose the better manner to conserve energy for future. Causes behind the publicity of Renewable Energy Beginnings Assorted factors are responsible for the publicity of renewable energy beginnings. The on-going concern of clime alteration and imposed compulsory rigorous dockets to get the better of it, consuming modesty of fossil fuel and the issue of energy security for the states are found to be the major causes behind it ( OECS/IEA 2008 ) . In recent old ages, these beginnings are used to supply energy for the rural or stray communities excessively ( ITDG, 2000 ) and even to supplement the of all time increasing demand of energy. The concern over the green house gas emanation is one of the major grounds, if no alterations are made on the bing state of affairs, concentrations of CO2 could increase to every bit much as 630ppm by 2050 and 1,200ppm by the terminal of the century ( OECS/IEA 2008 ) . Many scientific surveies suggest that the net concentration of nursery gas beyond 450 ppm CO2 equivalent for good may take to a series of micro climatic displacement and put up a ego prolonging rhythm of rapid planetary heating ( Deutche Bank, 2008 ) . So this dismaying state of affairs demands for the options of this green house gas emitter and the publicity of renewable beginnings are being done to forestall it. An estimated $ 71billion was invested in new renewable energy except big hydropower worldwide in the twelvemonth 2007, up from $ 55billion in the twelvemonth 2006 and $ 40 billion, this addition was chiefly due to solar PV and weave energy ( REN21, 2007 ) . The graph below reveals the to a great extent increasing tendency of investing on renewable sectors. Causes of energy demand: The usage of energy is influenced by the population and economic growing. The increased population demands more energy where as economic prosperity multiplies the demand several creases. United States of America consists of 5 % of planetary population where as consumes 25 % of the planetary oil production ( Alliance to energy nest eggs, 2005 ) . In recent old ages extremely come oning states are devouring more energy. A survey shows that in the Hangzhou metropolis of China, along with the economic development, urbanisation and betterment in peoples populating status, the residential energy ingestion risen dramatically, it was increased by 93.75 % while the population growing was merely 9.22 % from the twelvemonth 2001 to 2006 ( Ouyang, J.,2009 ) . The increasing multitudes of turning in-between category in the development states are turning into energy rapacious and the states are despairing to acquire energy for their quickly turning economic system. Along with the population and economic growing, the inefficient substructure and machines besides increase the usage of energy. For illustration, the ill insulated house needs more energy for infinite warming whereas the inefficient engines use more energy even for the little end product ( Ouyang, J. , 2009 ) . Harmonizing to OECD/IEA, 2009, non OECD states account for the 93 % of planetary energy demand between 2007 to 2030, driven mostly by China and India. Restriction of Renewable Energy: Renewable energy chiefly solar, air current, hydro, wave, bio fuel and geo thermal are emerging as the new beginnings of energy but all of them have their ain restriction and the inordinate usage or extraction could take to another job. Here each of them are discussed on single footing. Solar Energy: The sunshine can be converted into energy, frequently photo Gurs cells are used to hive away energy. It is chiefly used for the intent of H2O warming and little graduated table power coevals. But it uses much infinite and produces comparatively less energy. Though there is no or really less fuelling and care cost, the initial cost is comparatively high. ( Singh, P, P and Singh, S, 2010 ) Enough sunlight hours are required for this intent and bad conditions and cloudy status can impede the entire end product ( Chen, H. , 2010 ) . Policy support from authorities, invention of new engineering and available market is indispensable to set up this energy in market, this type of energy publicity needs authorities subsidy and that indirectly increases the entire cost involved ( Reddy, S and Painuly, J, P,2004 ) . Beside the upfront initial cost there may be other cost such as to clean its by merchandise. In instance of solar energy it can be the cost to clean up the toxic chemicals like arsenous anhydride, Ga and Cd and the energy demand during the industry of immense graduated table photovoltaic panels ( Tsoutsos, T, et. Al. 2005 ) . Distinct environmental effects during the installing stage of solar panels can be seen as it requires big land multitudes of approximately 5 to 10 estates /MW of installed capacity. Huge array of stacked mirrors might do ocular blight and shadowing from the solar cells could impact the micro clime. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) . Harmonizing to DuHamal, J, 2009, the Cato study says, A 1978 survey found that the stuffs required for thermal-solar undertakings were 1,000 times greater than for a likewise sized fossil-fuel installation, making significant incremental energy ingestion and industrial pollution. Energy ingestion associated with the large-scale industry of photovoltaic panels. So all these factors proves that beside the initial upfront cost there are other indirect costs those makes these beginnings rather expensive. Wind Energy: Wind is seen as another major beginning of alternate energy. But it has restriction, as all the topographic points are non suited for energy production. Wind power has low fringy cost and high proportion of capital cost ( Rosenbloom, E,2006 ) . The complexness of site and the likeliness of utmost burden find the building cost of air current farm. Difficult ground status like difficult stones, bog and really blowy site with high extreme tonss result in expensive civil building and higher specification of turbines. Additionally the cost of grid connexion is frequently affected by the distance of production and usage. The mean cost of air current energy per unit of production depends on cardinal premises, such as the cost of capital and old ages of false service. ( http: //www.articlesbase.com/environment-articles/what-determines-the-financial-viability-of-a-wind-farm-1450645.html ) Despite decennaries of broad subsidies, nevertheless, the cost of bring forthing electricity from air current remains pig-headedly wasteful in an progressively competitory electricity market. Many taking wind-power suppliers have encountered fiscal trouble, and capacity retirements appear every bit likely as new undertakings in the United States without major new authorities subsidy. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) . On the environmental side, air current power is noisy, land- intensive, materials-intensive ( concrete and steel, in peculiar ) , a ocular blight, and a jeopardy to birds. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) To get the better of those impacts and to relocate or conserve different species of birds besides needs money. So the upfront cost and such ecological job together makes it further expensive. The inter- and intra-annual variableness of the air current resource, or alter other facets of the external conditions for air current developments. It is likely that as in other constituents of clime alteration there will be ‘winners ‘ and ‘losers ‘ parts where air current energy developments may profit from clime alteration, and parts where the air current energy industry may be negatively impacted. ( Pryor, S.C. , and R.J. Barthelmie, R.J, 2010 ) . If the air current form alterations in the country of established air current farm due to climate alteration, it will non be possible to bring forth electricity and the big investing becomes worthless. Harmonizing to DuHamal, J. 2009, Denmark, the universe ‘s most wind-intensive state, with more than 6,000 turbines bring forthing 19 % of its electricity, has yet to shut a individual fossil-fuel works, so this illustration shows that it is an expensive and small end product giving procedure alternatively of big capital outgo. In Germany, Der Spiegel studies that ‘Germany ‘s CO2 emanation has n’t been reduced by even a individual gm ( by constructing air current turbines ) and extra coal and gas fired workss have been constructed to guarantee dependable bringing ( Waldermann, A.,2009 ) .This illustration proves that alternatively of big outgo still they can non be proved as a beginning of dependable supply of energy. Hydro Power: Hydropower is the major renewable energy beginning. Large scale hydropower is frequently economically attractive but requires immense amount of capital. ( McCully, P and Wong, S, 2004 ) . Small and micro hydro power are emerging as new beginning of energy, but these are the scattered beginnings and requires big amount of money to link with the state ‘s chief grid. So either it needs to be consumed locally or necessitate immense outgo to link it to the chief grid. The environmental effects caused by a hydroelectric system can be extended. However, the extent differs from one undertaking to another. A reservoir-based hydroelectric system can do a figure of alterations to the ecosystem, including stratification, ace impregnation, altering H2O degrees, and deposit ( McCully, P and Wong, S, 2004 ) . The greatest impacts of hydroelectric undertakings are found in fish populations and, more specifically, pink-orange populations. A recent survey released by the World Commission on Dams, nevertheless, found that some hydroelectric systems release more nursery gases into the ambiance than make coal-burning power coevals. Disintegrating flora trapped in dead H2O produces methane, which is 20 times more powerful as a nursery gas than C dioxide ( Anderson, H, 2001 ) . The big hydro power undertaking displaces huge country of human colony and that their resettlement cost immense sum of money. Wave And Tidal Energy: Energy can be generated by utilizing the sea moving ridge or sea tides. A critical portion of this exercising is to corroborate that the degrees of energy in the sea waves around the seashore are of sufficient magnitude to do wave power echt rival as an alternate beginning of power. Wave energy produces useable electricity from the kinetic energy of ocean. But there may happen ecological and socio-economic challenges. Impacts on piscaries, marine transit, and some recreational activity and ecological branching could be expected ( COPC, 2008 ) . Those commercial activities like piscaries and marine transit could ensue economic loss thereby straight set uping people support. Frequently ecological issues emerge as major concern before or during the building of these types of undertakings. And the declaration of such issues could be either the closing of the undertaking or expensive alternate agreement. In Korea, the ambitious undertaking of building of a Tidal Power Plant at Garolim bay came under immense argument because of the possible environmental and ecological harm, decrease in the tidal flat, debasement of saltwater quality that might do and be to retrieve the harm ( Lee, J, S and Hoonyoo, S,2009 ) . Such an illustration shows that these kinds of engineerings though seems renewable and less fouling but the cost involve in the extenuation for the indirect harm could do it much more expensive. Bio Power: Bio power is either generated by the burning of biomass or liquids derived from the works stuffs can be used for the replacing of fossil fuel. Bio-ethanol, an intoxicant can be made by fermenting the sugar constituents of the workss stuffs and is made largely from sugar and amylum harvests, where as bio Diesel can be made from vegetable oil, animate being fat or recycled lubricating oil ( Guru, M. 2010 ) . The first coevals bio fuel implies intensive agricultural patterns ( e.g. the high application of fertiliser and pesticides ) ( Russi, 2008 ) progressively it besides suggests that there will be competition for land usage and natural land ( forest and grassland ) , may hence be converted into cultivable land ; it may besides vie with nutrient production, which causes increasing nutrient monetary values that will chiefly harm those on low or subsistence incomes. Large-scale energy agriculture could be damaging both in footings of land usage and the chemicals necessary to bring forth harvests. Though these produce less pollutants than fossil fuel, the demand of huge country shorten the land for nutrient production ( IEA, 2009 ) Harmonizing to REN 2007, developing states as a group have more than 40 per centum of bing renewable power capacity, more than 70 per centum of bing solar hot H2O capacity, and 45 per centum of bio fuels production. But most of these states are fighting to feed their people and unable to afford the initial upfront cost for these energies. Although biomass is a renewable resource, much of it is presently used in ways that are neither renewable nor sustainable. In many parts of the universe, firewood is in progressively short supply as turning populations convert woods to agricultural lands and the staying trees are burned as fuel. As a consequence of hapless agricultural patterns, dirts in the U.S. Corn Belts are being eroded 18 times faster than they are being formed. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) . So if the part of biomass to the universe energy economic system is to turn, technological inventions will be needed, so that biomass can be converted to useable energy in ways that are more efficient, less polluting, and at least every bit economical as today ‘s practices.With the exclusion of bioethanol from Brazil, production costs of bio fuels are typically much higher than those of fossil fuels ( Thielmann, S, 2008 ) , this state of affairs makes it less executable economically. An survey done by Russi, D,2008, in Italy showed that the little benefits from the bio fuel would non be plenty to countervail the immense costs in footings of land demand: if the mark of the European Directive 2003/30/EC were reached ( 5.75 % of the energy used for conveyance by 2010 ) the equivalent of about tierce of the Italian agricultural land would be needed. Geo Thermal Energy: Geothermal supplies more than 10,000 MW to 24 states world-wide and now produces adequate electricity to run into the demand of 60 million people ( Jonathan, D, 2008 ) . Iceland is widely considered the success narrative for this energy, this state is to the full powered by renewable energy with 17 % of electricity and 87 % of warming demands is provided by this energy. ( Blodgett, L. and Slack, K. , 2009 ) Despite of these successes, this energy beginning is limited to some location of the Earth merely and it is non ever found economical and is unable to give end product as predicted antecedently. Production had fallen far short of projections made in the 1980sand even worsening because of the fickle end product from the figure of California belongingss and nationally, geothermic end product in 1995 was 14 per centum below 1994, a bead of 2.4 million kWh ( Blodgett, L. and Slack, K. , 2009 ) . They farther mentioned that geothermal has turned out to be â€Å"depletable, † with limited capacity, falling end product, and modest new investing What could be the solution? There can non be a individual solution for this job. As the dodo fuel is consuming, it is indispensable to seek for another beginning for its replacing. It is non possible to trust wholly on a individual beginning of energy. Mixing of energy beginnings and debut of energy efficient engineering could assist a batch to get the better of this crisis. Mix of energy beginnings All the energy types can non be available everyplace, solar energy requires adequate solar radiation hours, wind energy demands adequate wind speed and land, geothermic energy is confined on really few location of the Earth, moving ridge and tidal energy demand suited coastal country, bio fuel demands for immense land area of land. So it is indispensable to blend up these renewable energies with the conventional 1. Countries with adequate coastal country should underscore on air current, wave or tidal energy and blend up this energy with the conventional 1. The states which are rich on peculiar types of energy beginnings should advance that energy beginning. Though inordinate publicity of a individual type of energy beginning could be counterproductive. Excessive edifice of air current farm could impact on avian motion and even ensue the decease and monolithic graduated table air current farm can change or divert the air motion. Source Promotion of immense graduated table of bio- fue l can alter the natural ecosystem and the full cropping form taking to mass scale famishment. The economic and societal impact that cause may overweighs the benefit of bio fuel. Blending up of these renewable beginnings with conventional one, in fact, lengthen the life of dodo fuel where as supply more clip for the development of cheap and efficient more alternate beginnings of energies therefore procuring energy for future. Energy efficiency Energy demand is the effect of population growing and rapid development aided by inefficient usage of energy. Quickly turning in-between category prosperity is further striving the already overstretched energy substructure. Huge scope of electronics and vehicles are now within the budget of new emerging in-between category of developing universe, those are increasing the energy demand in that country. Not all the vehicles and electronics are good energy efficient, the less efficient these merchandises farther spoil the energy usage. Change in consumer behavior could be another of import facet in this respect. For illustration, alternatively of promoting people to purchase their ain vehicles, policy should promote utilizing public transit and for that it is indispensable to do the public transit efficient. Alternatively of doing capital intensive immense undertaking to bring forth energy, authorities should advance energy efficient engineering. The increased income and altering life manner is found as one of the of import implicit in causes of energy demand. The illustration of Hangzhou metropolis of China shows how the energy demands additions with economic prosperity, but it was non merely due to the economic betterment. Actually the state of affairs was farther worsen by the hapless thermic quality of the old bing edifice ( Ouyang, J, 2009 ) and that survey suggested to the redevelopment of bing old edifice for energy economy and less CO2 emanation of the metropolis. Improvement in bing old edifices and building of new high acting edifices and houses are critical. In United States, the residential and commercial edifices together consumes 39 % of the primary energy that state consumes and 70 % of the electricity ( NERL, 2005 ) . High acting edifices are designed to supply superior degrees of indoor comfort and buoy uping while devouring important less energy than those run intoing minimal criterions for energy efficiency. In add-on these edifices incorporate energy- bring forthing engineerings such as photovoltaic ( PV ) solar electric system. Harmonizing to NREL, 2005, mid- term option such as cellulose based ethyl alcohol and stopper in intercrossed electric vehicles are engineerings in the ulterior phase of development, but they are still excessively expensive to vie in the market place. Though the engineering can turn low value works stuffs, such as maize chaffs, saw dust, waste paper and fast turning trees and grasses into ethyl alcohol and other valuable fuels and chemicals and could assist to cut down dependence on fossil fuel and nursery gas emanation but it is still excessively expensive ( NREL, 2005 ) and merely the publicity of such engineering can non assist ordinary people. A survey done by Michael, A, et. al. , in 2009 on Potential benefits from improved energy efficiency of cardinal electrical merchandises ( family iceboxs, window air conditioners, motors and distribution transformers ) estimate that betterments to the four merchandises studied could cut down electricity ingestion in India by 54 TWh, or about 4.3 % of entire electricity demand in that twelvemonth. This is an of import consequence in itself, and suggests that several times this economy is accomplishable sing all merchandises. This survey proves that energy efficient engineering helps to procure energy for future in existent sense. Decision The development of scientific innovations changed the human civilization to greater extent. Discovery of fossil fuel and development of vehicles and industries together catalysed the procedure of development. But the inordinate and inefficient usage of these fixed stocks are now consuming quickly coercing us to happen out the option, beside this, the concern over the green house gas emanation is farther obliging us to deviate from the dodo fuel. Increasing population, particularly the turning in-between category of developing states are famished to energy as they are now able to afford most of the energy intensive engineerings. The inefficiency of those engineerings has farther additions the demand of energy. The quickly depleting beginnings of dodo fuel and environmental concern has diverted towards the renewable beginnings of energy, but most of them need upfront capital and more or less makes environmental harm and that increases the entire cost of the undertaking doing it further expensive. Assorted undertakings on renewable energy are unable to bring forth the adequate energy, sometimes non even the jutting one doing it undependable beginnings of energy. So it can non be possible to trust on merely one type of resource. Energy commixture, i.e. commixture of conventional and renewable could assist to give the best consequence, increasing the life of fossil fuel stock to some extent and leting clip to develop energy efficient renewable engineerings. Introduction of energy friendly engineerings in industries, concern, transit and family could significantly conserve the energy. Simply the recreation towards renewable energies becomes extremely expensive and merely the usage of dodo fuel could heighten planetary heating, so in my position it is much more indispensable to blend up these energies to do it low-cost and chair the cost of energy. How to cite Nature valuable resources, Essay examples

Supreme Court free essay sample

It then moved towards the ship dismantling site of Alang in May 2006, but an application in the Supreme Court of India prevented it from entering Indian waters. Because of the monsoon, the owner of the ship at that time, pleaded humanitarian grounds and the Court permitted anchorage at Pipavav port near Alang. 5 days after being anchored, it was beached at Alang breaching the order of the Supreme Court that only permitted its anchorage. Throughout this itinerary, the Norwegian Cruise Line sold the ship to Bridgend Shipping of Monrovia for scrapping. It was then sold to Haryana Ship Demolition Pvt. Ltd, which finally sold it to its current owner Priya Blue Industries Pvt. Ltd, a ship dismantling company in Alang. Such a practice is commonly used by European shipowners in order to avoid their obligation to decontaminate ships before they send it for scrapping. 21 19 See Anonymous, note 4 above. 20 See note 5 above. 1 Lyla Bavadam, Shipload of Trouble, Frontline, 16 November 2007. We will write a custom essay sample on Supreme Court or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A public interest litigation challenging the import of hazardous wastes into the country was filed in 1995 in the Supreme Court of India by the Research Resource Policy. The petition provided that the import of hazardous/toxic wastes endangering the environment and lite ot the people ot India is unconstitutional . 22 It is under this writ petition, that in September 2007 the Supreme Court of India granted the permission to dismantle the Blue Lady at Alang. 23 The Supreme Court ordered the constitution of a Committee of Technical Experts (hereinafter referred to as CTE) whose task was to find out whether the infrastructure as existing at Alang presently is adequate24 in order to dismantle the Blue Lady. The Supreme Court of India specifically asked the Committee to review three aspects: whether pre-conditions for dismantling have been complied with; whether 80 per cent of the asbestos is reusable; what steps have been taken to control the environmental impacts of asbestos dust generated in the process of dismantling;25 The report was submitted by the CTE on May 2007 and accepted by the Court on September 2007. The Supreme Court argued that it accepted the report 22 See Research Foundation for Science Technology and Natural Resource Policy v. Union of India and Others, Supreme Court of India, Civil Original Jurisdiction Writ Petition no. 657 of 1995, available at http:// www. elaw. org/node/1400. 23 Research Foundation for Science Technology and Natural Resource Policy v. Union of India and Others, Supreme Court of India, Civil Original Jurisdiction Writ Petition no. 657 of 1995, Judgement of 11 September 2007. 24 ld. 25 ld. mainly because it was all pervasive and it contains opinions of expert including retired navel officers. 26 According to the report beaching is an irreversible process.